CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

Anti inflammatory refers to the property of a substance or

treatment that reduces inflammation. Anti –inflammatory drugs

make up about half of analgesics reducing pain by inhibiting

inflammation as opposed to opioids which affect the central

nervous system published by Artemis Morris molly Rossiter.

Inflammation (Latin inflammo “I ignite set alight”) is part of

the complex biological response of vascular tissues to harmful

stimuli such as pathogens damaged cells or irritants. The

classical signs of inflammation are pain heat redness swelling

and loss of function by Dr Weil. Inflammation is a protective

attempt by the organism to remove the injurious stimuli and

initiate the healing process.

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Inflammation is not a synonym for infection even in cases where

inflammation is caused by infection. Although infection is caused

by a microorganism and organism pathogen.

Inflammation is a setereotyped response and is considered as a

mechanism of innate immunity by Dr. Weil.

1.1 TYPES OF INFLAMMATION

Inflammation can be classified as either acute or chronic. Acute

inflammation is the initial response of the body to harmful

stimuli and is achieved by the increased movement of plasma and

leukocytes (especially granulocytes) from the blood into the

injured tissues.

Prolonged inflammation known as chronic inflammation leads

to a progressive shift in the type of cells present at the site of

inflammation and is characterized by simultaneous destruction

and healing of the tissues from the inflammatory process from

Wikipedia the free encyclopedia.

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1.2. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES.

Evaluation of the anti –inflammatory activity of crateva

adansonii (plant). The purpose of this study was to evaluate and

compare the anti-inflammatory activity of the aqueous sten bark

extract of crateva adansonii in experimental acute and chronic

inflammatory animal models. And to evaluate the phytochemical

constituents and pharmacological evaluation of the effect of

crateva adansonii on albino rats.

1.3 RATIONAL STUDY.

Crateva adansonii was described in 1824 by Augstin Pyramus de

candolle.

Crateva adansonii is a specie of a flowering tree in the

capparancea family which is equally called the “sacred garlic

pear and temple plant” and many other names in a variety of

dialects including Balai lamoke barnaj Vanina and bidasi. The

tree is sometimes called the spider tree because the showy

flowers bear long spidery stamens. It is native to Japan

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Australia much of South East Asia and several south practice

Islands India it is grown else where for fruit especially in parts of

the African continents.

The fruit of the tree is edible. The flowers are attractive to a

multitude of insects and birds. The butterfly (Hebomoia

glaucippe) is a frequent visitor to this plant by Dr. Weil.

1.4 TAXONOMY

Crateva Adansonii is a species in the genus crateva which

contains 8 species and belongs to the family of Capparacea (caper

family)

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The taxonomy of crateva adansonii for classification includes the

following;

Kingdom: Plantae

Division: Angosperms

Class: Eudicots

sub-class: Rosids

Order: Brassicales

Family: Capparaceae

Genus: Crateva

Species: C. religiosa

1.5 PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION OF CRATEVA ADANSONII

Unarmed small deciduous tree 6-15m tall glabrous leaves 3 –

foliolate petiolate leaflet shorty petiolulate elliptic elliptic –

lanceolate more or les olique acuminate/ narrowed towards the

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base 5-12m long (1-) 2.5 -6cm broad herbaceous to

subcoriaceous often turning brownish when dry petiole (2.5) 4 -

8cm long flowers. 3-6cm across sub irregular greenish white

turning yellowish after opening appearing before or just after the

flush of new leaves pedicle 2-4cm long 10-17mm wide 2

adoxial ones generally what larger stamens usually 20-25

gynophore generally 3-5cm long slender thickened in fruit. Fruit

globose 3-5cm in the development of fruit. Yellowish seeds

reinform at about 3-4mm in diam smooth brown. The flowers are

green and are arranged in racemes. The fruits are berries.

1.6 DISTRIBUTION

Crateva adansonii is native to tropical Africa India Srilanka

Myanmar Japan Australia and much of South East Asia.

1.7 CULTIVATION

Crateva Adansonii can withstand temperatures only above 1 -

2

0

C. The plants bloom from March to May.

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1.8 USES OF CRATEVA ADANSONII

Crateva adansonii is used in traditional medicine in the West

Africa. The crude Hexane (CAN -1) and ethyl acetate activity has

African trypanosome Trypansomia brucei brikes and forms

blood stream. The crude extracts showed moderate anti-

trypansomal activity. It’s use alone or in combination with other

natural/ semi –synthetic drugs for the treatment of human Africa.

Crateva adansonii fruit serves as an edible fruit which contains

berries Published by Flora of Taiwan National Taiwan

University.

1.9 SOURCES

From wikipedia

The free encyclopedia

bing

pdf

and articles of Health.

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