1.0 Introduction

Refractory concrete is a fire proof type of concrete used during the

construction of a building. The materials are obtainable and can be

said to have the normal composition of concrete all the materials

used in the normal concrete are all available in their various ratios in

the production of refractory concrete. Like lime usually traditionally

called is one major material that is being used in refractory concrete

to give it the fire proof ability in the concrete for building. Unlike all

the various concrete being used during construction refractory

concrete has been found to be a very rare concrete used in the

building and construction industry in Nigeria. The advantage of the

refractory concrete is versatile and would be described in full in other

chapters.

The various materials used in production of refractory concrete as

included: River gravel or crushed fire bricks sand calcium

aluminum cement (if available in different grades) you can also add

into the mix a standard fire clay if you like.

The mixture (ratio is 8 x 2 x 2 x 0.50; plus water)

● 3 shovels of gravel or crushed fire bricks.

● 2 shovel of sands 2 shovels of the cement half shovel of lime

(traditionally called quick time)

This amount will require approximately 6.7 litres of water to mix the

concrete as said earlier.

The kind of lime to use is hydrated lime calcium hydroxide

commonly sold in shops in bags. Calcium dioxide which is the

traditional called slake lime or prickling lime most often called by

builders as the hydrated lime

1.1 Statement of Problems

The straight of refractory concrete consideration depends on the use

of lime to help attain its harsh wealhon or heat put on the refraction

cement the mix rates as also to be considered for this kind of

concrete

The pronominal issues of cutting concretes by contraction and other

professionals in the building industry by way of not using the

prescribed material including the cement the quick lime the

aggregate lime the brick fired blocked of under . Therefore in

other to more lime profoltis one of the major factor

responsible for many of the recorded case of refractory concrete

failure in recent years in Nigeria and even other countries.

1.2 Background of the Study

The “texture” of refractory concrete is quite an instrumental to the

strength of fire proof to the concrete which is the lime.

This research work therefore seeks to assess and establish the

potential of refractory concrete as a fire proof to concrete to any

building or construction of the building with the construction not

withstanding the already load concrete generally used in our society

today. This thesis also seeks to encourage/introduce refractory

concrete especially in places which have quick assess to fire

outbreak for concrete casting by contractors or building professionals.

1.3 Aim

The aim of this research work is to actually reveal the potential of

refractory concrete as a fire proof concrete in buildings by the

contractors or builders.

1.4 Objective

i) To assess the quality of refractory concrete in other concrete in

building construction

ii) To show the level of resistivity to fire after being heated for a

while and withstanding the ability of refractory concrete to serve

as a fire proof concrete in building

iii) To encourage the culture of using refractory concrete of

desirable texture for concrete construction

iv) To carryout a compressive strength test assessing the concrete

as a fire proof concrete in buildings

1.5 Methodology

This research was strictly a laboratory investigation using

experimental methods and scientific methods of testing the resistivity

and the fire proof in the refractory concrete casting and recording

observed result ( ) the data is analysed through the use of tables

and graphs. Although literature were also reviewed from journals

text and web documents and incorporated into the research

dissertation.

When cement and burns it out the lime hold its all together. Lime

used in building calcium hydroxide Ca (OH2)2

(oxide of calcium CaO of limestone) is used for making motan and cement.

Ingredients in the now days Portland Cement are

60% to 67% Cao (calcium oxide)

17% to 25% SiO2 (silicon oxide)

3% to 8% Al2O3

(aluminium oxide)

Up to 6% Fe2O3 (iron oxide)

Mixing Dry Refractory Concrete Ingredients

Before adding water mix all dry ingredients together well with a shovel by

taking from the bottom and placing every shovel on the top with the mixture

turns to a uniform colour.

Adding Water to Refractory Concrete

Create a hole in the middle and pour in about 2 liters of water. Continue

mixing with a shovel as you did with the dry ingredient. The mix will

become semi dry add another couple of liters of water and mix it again with

the same way it’s a good exercise but it doesn’t take too long before you

start to notice the concrete becoming workable. If its still 200 dry add just a

liter of water but not too much at this stage because of the consistency can

change suddenly. If you add too much don’t worry add more dry

ingredient in the same ratio and just mix it in. doing this mixture with the

use of machine is not a very hard job. Its good fun and I find it easier than

mixing the pizza dough.

Refractory Concrete of Good Consistency

The right consistency is achieved when you stop seeing dry patches in the

mixture; and when not too much watch is pooling or preventing the

concrete from keeping its shape on the ground as if it was kind of standing

rather up than flowing. When you pile it up with the shovel it should rather

sit-stay high and hold together for example the correct consistency is

achieved when a handful of concrete can be formed into a brick the size of

a tennis ball and be tossed half a meter up into the air then caught as a

mass that stays rougher which will now be tested by any individual with the

knowledge or experience of the mixture.

Ingredients in the Nowadays Portland Cement

60% to 67% CaO Calcium oxide

12% to 25% SiO2

silicon oxide

3% to 8% Al2O3

Aluminium oxide

Up to 6% Fe2O3

iron oxide

This can contain also min amount of mgO mgSO4 Na2O and K2O

Water; (Dry Refractory Concrete) (Adding more water to Re)

Before adding water the ingredients are properly mixed together with a

shovel by taking from the bottom and placing every shovel on the top until

the turned to a uniform color. Create a hole in the middle and

pour in about 2 liters of water. Combine many with a shovel as you deal

with the dry ingredient the mix will become semi dry. Add another couple of

liters of water and mix it again the same way. If found dry addition of more

liters of water is being added but not too much; because the consistency

can dry suddenly but it the water content in the mixture become too much

never to way. First add the same ratio of the ingredient in a smaller amount

to help it regain its finish state.

Refractory Concrete of Good Consistency

Mixing the refractory concrete this way without a concrete mixer machine

is not even hard job to do its good fun and one can find easier than mixing

the pizza dough. A single dome for a wood burring oven takes about 0.2

cubic meter of gravel. It’s a small job and its interesting the right

consistency is achieve at when you stop seeing dry patches machine and

when not to much water is produced.