CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Communication is very important to the existence of human organization.

The environment in which organization operate today is complex and comprises

physical cultural psychosocial economics legal political technical and other

characteristics.

It is in this environment that all organization must operate their business.

They must among other analysis the character of economics and social problem

and acknowledge that their policies are adopted and administered in a political

system where concentration of power and self-interest has to be tacked.

In addition good communication network in the form of postal and

telecommunication has been interpreted by various meaning. Some regard it as

message itself. Some feel it is the channel along which the message is passed

while other term it as the cut off message passing communication can therefore

be rightly defined as the process by which information is passed between

individual or organization by means of a previously agreed method (either

verbal or written). In everyday life one seeks information from or passes

information to them. This communication can be verbal (face to face or

telephone). Written (letter memos reports etc) or mechanical (seconding

original documents instead of transmitting the message in them). The most vital

means of receiving or sending information is oral communication.

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Osiegbu (1983:40) said that the factors that contribute to failure in

implementation of organizational objectives include lack of clarity of purpose

and failure in understanding of objective policies and tasks at any level by any

group or individual. Failure in communication or perception clashes of interest

of value gap between anticipated and actual event degree of flexibility and

capacity of organization to respond to the unexpected all those by no means are

possible constraints to organizational intention but the major concern here is the

breakdown in management function due to no communication. In other word

how “effective communication improves managerial performance”.

Communication function is the means by which organized activity is

unified. The means by which social input are fed into the social systems or

organization the means by which behaviour is modified change is effected

information is made productive and goals are achieved be it business the

military the government and so on.

In a similar form communication relates to exchange of facts opinion or

emotions by two or more persons in an organization. It could be word letters

symbols or messages in a way that one-organization member shares meaning

and understanding with another. On the other hand management is the

managing of a complex system of men machine money and the physical

structure whose effective coordination is necessary in the production of a

product or service that have economic value to the society. The practice of

management also rest to a large extent on the role or part which individuals and

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groups in the organization play and of course the way their activities are

harmonized.

Human beings are essentially crucial for the development growth and

success of any organization for it is the human beings that get things done. The

practice of management involve taking charge and streamlining the activities of

organization member to ensure that as far as possible desired objective are

active.

The activities are carried out by human being (personnel) and physical

factors involve the equipment tools and other material factors used to aid the

achievement of the desired objective.

Effective organization performance is realized when all persons and

resources are synchronized balanced and given direction whether managerial

job is accounting selling designing engineering the managers effectiveness

depends on his ability to listen and to read or his ability to speak or write. He

needs skill in his thinking across to other people as well as skill on finding and

what other people are after.

This implies that communication is needed to convey information

necessary for the ongoing operation and that it can have effect on the attitudes

of people on the organization. Therefore communication is essential for both

internal and external functioning of the enterprises because it integrates the

managerial function. It needs internally include to develop plans for their

achievement to organize resource in the most effective and efficient way to

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select develop and appraise members of the organization to lead direct

motivate and create climate in which people want to contribute and to control

performance. It needs externally include on the other hand the following first

and foremost. It is through information exchange that the managers become

aware of the needs of customer aware of the availability of supplies the claims

of stockholder the regulation of government and the concerns of the

community.

In this way the manager is aware of his opportunities and threats on his

surrounding environment and therefore knows his does and don’t e.g he then

knows whether to recruit staff or not other managerial decision.

The importance of communication cannot be over-emphasized. It can be

compared to the blood that runs through the veins and arteries of human body

because the function of integration maintained orientation decision making

and the growth of organization member are performed through it.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The environmental of managing may differ between large and small

business between business and other kinds of organized enterprises and

between differing cultures in areas of economic and social development.

The researcher therefore believes that managerial functions are basically

the same but at various degree of performance. The researcher wants to examine

how effective communication holds the key to improved managerial

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performance. Individuals with little or no qualifications find themselves holding

managerial positions in a company. This lack of a competence leads to wrong

decision making especially when subordinates are not consulted.

Organizations also have some complicated chain of command difficult

and most times the chain of command is not strictly adhered to the company as

such have overlapping authorities and responsibilities as subordinates become

accountable to more than one superior.

Also most companies lack intra-communication facilities like intercoms

and memos. This leads to ignorance on the part of the subordinate about the

aim and the objective of the company as well as the standard expected of them.

This could lead to liaises-faire attitude to work which is harmful to the

growth and progress of the company. As a result of all the above problems

discussed the researcher intends to help such companies by elaborating on how

effective communication can improve their performance.

1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

(1) To describe the communication system in an organization.

(2) To develop a model of the communication process.

(3) To explain how communication improves managerial performance.

(4) To identify barriers and breakdowns in the communication system.

(5) To suggest approaches and techniques to improve the communication

system.

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1.4 RESEARCH QUESTION

1. To what extent do communication increase the quality of

employee’s performance?

2. What degree do communication increase productivity?

3. How can an organization get the best of managerial performance?

4. How can communication increase the rate of turnover?

1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

From the study of this research it is understood that management

performance by executing the four managerial function can be improved

through effective communications thereby aiding the organization achieve its

goal.

This study would aid students managers in the making and managing of

organization. It would aid students studying management to understand the

theoretical background on how information is very vital to efficiency.

The study would enable them to start off well when establishing or when

heading an enterprise and its organization structure. As regards those who are

already managers the study would help them to achieve their goal if they have

not or to improve on their performance or they are just on the average.

1.6 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

It is a known fact that researchers encounter a lot of problem which are

inherent in our society and this research is no exception.

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This problem will range from personal constraints to environment

problems.

Time for instance will be a constraints. A lot of time will be consumed

before this research could be carried out. The researcher has to forfeit a lot of

appointment assignments and other commitments especially during the

collection of information that will be used for the literature review.

Lack of statistic will be another major set back to this research. It will be

due to the impossibility of obtaining some accurate information required. It

should be noted that lack of accurate statistic limits accuracy of any research

work. They seriously guided most information considered confidential to the

organization.

1.7 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The researcher has a wide coverage in mind which include organization

of all sort such as academic institution as well as profitable organization. For

this research the researcher would limit the scope to one of the leading brewing

industry in this country Nigerian Brewery Plc Amaeke Ngwo Enugu Enugu

State.

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REFERENCES

Alonge P.A. (1992) Promoting Managerial Performance Through Effective

Communication NIGERIAN BUSINESS TIME October 26.

BATMAN D.N. & SIGNBOARD N.B. (1981) Communicating in Business

Scott FOREMAN COMPANY U.S.A.

CHIZEA B.I. (1984) Managerial Effectiveness NIGERIAN BUSINESS TIME

July 25.

OSIEGBU P. (1983) Effective Communication as a Tool in Supervision

Management in Nigeria 19(2) Feb.

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